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I assume you are asking about LVM3 and the M2/OneWeb India-1 project.

LVM3 is a launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for launching satellites into orbit. It is an upgraded version of the previous LVM2 rocket and has a payload capacity of up to 4 tons.

The M2/OneWeb India-1 project is a joint venture between OneWeb and the Indian government’s Department of Space. The project aims to provide high-speed internet access across India using a constellation of low-earth orbit satellites. The M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite is one of the satellites in the constellation.

In 2021, the M2/OneWeb India-1 satellite was launched on board an LVM3 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. The launch was successful, and the satellite is now in orbit, providing internet connectivity to remote areas of India.

What is LVM? Why use it? OneWeb india-1

LVM stands for Logical Volume Manager. It is a software tool used on Linux systems for managing storage devices and volumes.

With LVM, storage devices (such as hard drives or SSDs) are grouped into “physical volumes” (PVs), which can be combined to create “volume groups” (VGs). The VGs can then be divided into “logical volumes” (LVs), which can be formatted with a file system and used like regular partitions.

One of the main advantages of using LVM is its flexibility. You can add or remove PVs from a VG, and expand or shrink LVs as needed, without needing to repartition the disk or reboot the system. This makes it easier to manage storage in a dynamic environment, where the amount of data being stored can change over time.

LVM also supports advanced features like snapshots, which allow you to create a point-in-time copy of a volume, and RAID-like mirroring and striping, which can provide data redundancy and performance benefits.

Overall, LVM is a useful tool for managing storage on Linux systems, especially in environments where storage needs are changing or growing over time.

Installation: How to install LVM on a CentOS 7 server

Here are the steps to install LVM on a CentOS 7 server:

1. Log in to your CentOS 7 server as root or a user with sudo privileges.

2. Update the package list and install the LVM packages by running the following 

command:

{sudo yum update

sudo yum install lvm2 }

3. Once the installation is complete, start the LVM service by running:

{sudo systemctl start lvm2-lvmetad.service}

4. Verify that the LVM service is running by checking its status:

{sudo systemctl status lvm2-lvmetad.service}

The output should show that the service is active and running

5. If you want the LVM service to start automatically on boot, run the following command:

{sudo systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad.service}

This will create a symlink to the service so that it starts automatically on boot.

You should now have LVM installed and running on your CentOS 7 server. To create and manage logical volumes, you can use the lvcreate, lvextend, and oversize commands, among others. You can also use graphical tools like the GNOME Disks utility or the system-config-lvm command to manage LVM volumes through a GUI.

Creating Volumes: How to create a new volume and mount it

Here are the steps to create a new volume and mount it on a Linux system using LVM:

1. First, you need to create a physical volume (PV) using a block device, such as a hard disk or SSD. For example, if you have a new disk at /dev/sdb, you can create a PV on it using the following command:

{sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb}

2. Next, create a volume group (VG) using the physical volume you just created. For example, you can create a VG called myvg using the following command:

{sudo vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb}

3. Now, you can create a logical volume (LV) on the volume group. For example, you can create an LV called myvol with a size of 10GB using the following command:

{sudo lvcreate -n myvol -L 10G myvg}

4. Format the new logical volume with a file system, such as ext4, using the following command:

{sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/myvol}

5. Create a mount point for the new volume, for example, /mnt/myvol, using the following command:

{sudo mkdir /mnt/myvol}

6. Finally, mount the new volume to the mount point using the following command:

{sudo mount /dev/myvg/myvol /mnt/myvol}

You should now be able to access the new volume at /mnt/myvol. If you want the volume to be mounted automatically at boot, you can add an entry to the /etc/fstab file with the mount options you want to use.

Managing Volumes: How to add, remove, and change permissions on volumes

Here are some basic commands for managing volumes using LVM on a Linux system:

Adding a new physical volume to a volume group:

1. Create a physical volume on the new block device using the pvcreate command:

sudo pvcreate /dev/sdc

2. Add the new physical volume to an existing volume group using the vgextend command:

{sudo vgextend myvg /dev/sdc}

Removing a physical volume from a volume group:

1. Unmount the logical volumes that use the physical volume, if any.

2. Deactivate the logical volumes using the physical volume using the lvchange command:

{sudo lvchange -a n /dev/myvg/myvol}

3. Remove the physical volume from the volume group using the vgreduce command:

{sudo vgreduce myvg /dev/sdc}

Changing permissions on a logical volume:

1. Unmount the logical volume that you want to change permissions on.

2. Change the ownership and permissions on the mount point, for example:

{sudo chown myuser:mygroup /mnt/myvol

sudo chmod 755 /mnt/myvol}

3. Remount the logical volume using the mount command:

{sudo mount /dev/myvg/myvol /mnt/myvol}

Note that changes to the ownership and permissions on the mount point will only affect the logical volume while it is mounted. If you want to make permanent changes to ownership and permissions, you can set them in the /etc/fstab file.

Logical Volume Management concepts: What are logical volumes and how do they work?

Logical Volume Management (LVM) is a technology that allows you to create virtual storage devices that can span multiple physical storage devices. A logical volume (LV) is one such virtual storage device that can be created on top of a volume group (VG), which is a collection of physical storage devices.

LVs are created from free space in a VG and can be resized dynamically as needed. This allows you to easily add or remove storage capacity from a logical volume without having to reformat or repartition the underlying physical devices. LVs can also be striped or mirrored across multiple physical devices to improve performance or provide redundancy.

Each LV has a logical volume manager (LVM) device node associated with it, which can be used to access the LV like any other block device on the system. The LV can be formatted with a file system and mounted as a directory in the file system hierarchy, just like a physical device.

The LVM layer provides several other advanced features as well, such as snapshots, which allow you to create a point-in-time copy of a logical volume for backup or testing purposes, and thin provisioning, which allows you to overcommit storage capacity by creating thinly provisioned logical volumes that consume only as much physical storage as they need.

Overall, LVM provides a powerful and flexible way to manage storage on Linux systems, allowing you to easily create, resize, and manage virtual storage devices that span multiple physical devices.

Advanced features of LVM: How to create RAID levels, combine volumes into larger ones, and more.

Here are some advanced features of LVM and how to use them:

1. RAID levels: You can use LVM to create various RAID levels, including RAID 0 (striping), RAID 1 (mirroring), RAID 4 (dedicated parity), RAID 5 (distributed parity), and RAID 6 (double-distributed parity). To create a RAID volume using LVM, you can use the lvcreate command with the -m option to specify the RAID level and the number of mirrors or parity devices, for example:

{sudo lvcreate -L 100G -n myraid -m 1 myvg /dev/sdb /dev/sdc}

This creates a mirrored logical volume called myraid with a size of 100GB using the physical devices /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc.

2. Striping: You can also use LVM to stripe data across multiple physical devices for improved performance. To create a striped logical volume, you can use the -I option with the lvcreate command to specify the number of stripes, for example:

{sudo lvcreate -L 100G -n mystripe -I 2 myvg /dev/sdb /dev/sdc}

This creates a striped logical volume called mystripe with a size of 100GB using the physical devices /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc and two stripes.

3. Combining volumes into larger ones: You can use LVM to combine multiple logical volumes into a larger logical volume using the lvcreate command with the –type thin-pool option. For example:

}

sudo lvcreate –type thin-pool -L 1TB -n mypool myvg

sudo lvcreate -V 500G –thin -n thinvol1 myvg/mypool

sudo lvcreate -V 500G –thin -n thinvol2 myvg/mypool

sudo lvcreate -V 1TB –thinpool myvg/mypool2 

}

This creates a thin-pool logical volume called mypool with a size of 1TB, and two thinly provisioned logical volumes called thinvol1 and thinvol2 with a size of 500GB each, both using the thin-pool as their storage pool. Finally, it creates another thin-pool logical volume called mypool2 with a size of 1TB, which uses the two thinly provisioned logical volumes as its storage pool.

4. Snapshots: You can use LVM to create snapshots of logical volumes for backup or testing purposes using the lvcreate command with the –snapshot option. For example:

{sudo lvcreate -s -n mysnap -L 10G /dev/myvg/myvol}

This creates a snapshot logical volume called mysnap with a size of 10GB based on the logical volume /dev/myvg/myvol. The snapshot can be used to make a backup of the logical volume or to test changes to the logical volume without affecting the original data.

These are just a few examples of the advanced features that LVM provides. With LVM, you can create a wide variety of virtual storage configurations to meet your specific needs.

Conclusion 

In conclusion, Logical Volume Management (LVM) is a powerful technology that allows you to manage storage on Linux systems flexibly and efficiently. With LVM, you can create virtual storage devices that span multiple physical devices, which can be resized dynamically as needed. You can also create advanced configurations such as RAID levels, striped volumes, thin-provisioned volumes, and snapshots.

Using LVM can provide several benefits, such as improved storage utilization, simplified storage management, and increased flexibility. It can also help you to avoid data loss by providing features such as snapshots and redundancy through mirroring or RAID configurations.

Overall, LVM is an essential tool for system administrators and anyone who needs to manage storage on Linux systems. Its advanced features and flexibility make it an ideal choice for a wide range of use cases, from personal computers to large-scale data centers.

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